Multilingual Performance Analysis

Measurement Contract

This report covers the current MoonBit native release benchmark comparing moonbitlang/x/decimal@0.4.46 and Luna-Flow/floating/decimal_gda@0.7.1. Fixture construction, parsing, conversion, correctness checks, and formatting are outside the timed region. exact_overlap measures shared mathematical semantics; x_compatible also includes 28 fractional digits and truncation toward zero.

Results

• Add/subtract: GDA leads at 1–256 digits (0.23–0.39 µs/op versus X's 0.46–0.66 µs/op); X leads at 1,024–4,096 digits and is about 1.4–1.8× faster at the upper end.
• Multiply: X leads at every scaling point by about 2.1–2.7×, a constant-factor advantage in this workload rather than evidence of a different complexity class.
• Divide: For exact_overlap, GDA leads by 1.2–4.1× at 1–64 digits, while X leads by 1.3–3.4× at 256–4,096 digits. In x_compatible, the two implementations stay within about 1.2× through 256 digits, then GDA leads by about 1.8× at 1,024 and 3.8× at 4,096 digits.
• Compare: GDA leads at every scaling point, from about 3.4× at 1 digit to 14.8× at 4,096 digits, consistent with early sign/coefficient-length/exponent shortcuts.

Cross-Implementation Context

Fixed-precision decimal64/128 is often fastest within its bound. Arbitrary-precision add/subtract is commonly near O(n), while multiply/divide depend on BigInt algorithms and thresholds. Mature C implementations may benefit from limb layout and SIMD/assembly. Full IEEE/GDA contexts pay for rounding, status flags, and special values.

Conclusion and Limits

For this workload, X favors simple high-throughput arithmetic; GDA favors explicit precision, rounding, and context semantics. The observed ratio is broadly stable with size, supporting a constant-factor implementation gap rather than a different asymptotic class; larger BigInt sizes may expose thresholds. Other GDA implementations may have similar overhead with similar algorithms, but limb layout, caching, native code, fixed precision, or hardware can change constants; the standard does not prescribe an algorithm. Results are specific to these fixtures, target, build mode, and host. Recheck JSONL and artifacts/ reports. This benchmark remains GitHub-only and is not published to Mooncakes.